The NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero) is the identification number that Spain assigns to foreign nationals who have economic, professional or social dealings in the country. It is the first step in almost any legal or financial procedure, and one of the first questions we ask clients who are planning to buy a property.
What the NIE is, and what it is not
The NIE is a personal and unique number. Once assigned, it stays with you for life, even if the paper certificate you receive shows an issue date. It is important to understand that the NIE is not a residence permit: having one does not give you the right to live or work in Spain. It simply identifies you before the authorities, notaries, banks and the Tax Agency.
When you need it
- To buy or sell a property: the notary will ask for it when signing the deed.
- To pay taxes in Spain, including the transfer tax on a purchase and the annual non-resident income tax.
- To open a bank account, sign utility contracts or register a vehicle.
- To accept an inheritance, set up a company or become a shareholder or director of one.
How to apply
You can apply in Spain, at an Immigration Office (Oficina de Extranjería) or at a National Police station that handles foreigners’ procedures, always with a prior appointment (cita previa). If you live abroad, you can also apply at the Spanish consulate in your country.
In general you will need:
- The official application form (EX-15), completed and signed.
- Your valid passport and a copy, or your national identity card if you are an EU citizen.
- Documents that justify why you need the NIE, for example a reservation contract for a property or a letter from a bank.
- Proof of payment of the administrative fee (form 790, code 012).
In many cases the application can also be submitted through a representative with a Power of Attorney, which is very useful if you cannot travel or there are no appointments available.
EU citizens living in Spain
If you are a European Union citizen and you are going to live in Spain for more than three months, you will need to register in the Central Register of Foreign Nationals. The registration certificate already includes your NIE, so you do not need to apply for it separately.
Our advice
On the Costa del Sol, appointments for foreigners’ procedures can be hard to find. If you are planning to buy a home, apply for your NIE as soon as possible, ideally before you find the property, so it does not delay the purchase. At Ramallo Abogados we prepare the documentation and handle the procedure for you. Request a consultation.
This article provides general information and reflects the rules in force when it was published. It is not legal advice: every case must be studied individually.
